PADARTHA VIGNANAM : BAMS 1st Year
(SUBJECT CODE- AyUG-PV)
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDA AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
Padartha Vignanam is a unique and mandatory subject needed for learning the stream of Ayurveda. It is the combination of science and philosophy. One can say that the science and philosophy are the two sides of the same coin. The search behind “existence of world/self” when progresses outward it travels the path of science and when this search is inwards it becomes philosophy. Thus, Padartha Vignanam is an essential base of Ayurveda education. When the foundation becomes strong building also becomes strong.chapter
List of Topics AyUG-PV Paper I
Ch. 1 Ayurveda Nirupana
1.1 Lakshana of Ayu, composition of Ayu.
1.2 Lakshana of Ayurveda. Swaroopa and Prayojana of Ayurveda
1.3 Lakshana and classification of Siddhanta.
1.4 Introduction to Basic Principles of Ayurveda and their significance.
Ch. 2 Padartha and Darshana Nirupana
2.1 Padartha Lakshana, Enumeration and classification of Padartha, Bhava and Abhava Padartha, Padartha according to Acharya Charaka (Karana-Padartha).
2.2 Etymological derivation of the word “Darshana”. Classification and general introduction to 9 Schools of Indian Philosophy with an emphasis on: Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Sankhya ,Yoga, Meemamsa and Vedanta darshana.
2.3 Ayurveda as unique and independent school of thought (philosophical individuality of Ayurveda).
2.4 Principles and examples in contemporary sciences which will enhance understanding concept of Padartha.
2.5 Relevance of Study of Darshana and Padartha Vignana in Ayurveda
Ch. 3 Dravya vignaneeyam
3.1 Dravya: Lakshana, Classification and Enumeration
3.2 Panchabhuta: Various theories regarding the creation (theories of Taittiriyopanishad, Nyaya-Vaisheshika, Sankhya-Yoga, Sankaracharya, Charaka and Sushruta), Lakshana and qualities of each Mahabhoota.
3.3 Kala: Etymological derivation, Lakshana , division / units and significance.
3.4 Dik: Lakshana ,division and significance.
3.5 Atma: Lakshana, classification, seat, Gunas, Linga according to Charaka, the method / process of knowledge formation (atmanah jnasya pravrittih).
3.6 Purusha: According to Ayurveda – Ativahikapurusha/ Sukshmasharira/ Rashipurusha/ Chikitsapurusha/ Karmapurusha/ Shaddhatvatmakapurusha.
3.7 Manas: Lakshana, Synonyms, Qualities, Objects, Functions, dual nature of mind (ubhayaatmakatvam), as a substratum of diseases,Influence of Panchabhoutika aahara and aushadha (penta-elemental diet)on manas.
3.8 Role of Panchamahabhuta and Triguna in Dehaprakriti and Manasaprakriti respectively.
3.9 Tamas as the tenth Dravya.
3.10 Practical study/Application and Importance of each Kaarana dravya in Ayurveda.
3.11 Principles and examples in contemporary sciences which will enhance understanding concept of Kaarana dravya
Ch. 4 Guna vignaneeyam
4.1 Etymological Derivation, Classification and Enumeration according to various Darshana and Charaka,
4.2 Lakshana and Classification of Sartha Guna, Gurvadiguna, Paradiguna, Adhyatmaguna (41 Guna)
4.3 Gunapradhanyata (Importance of Guna)
4.4 Practical / clinical application of each Guna in Ayurveda
4.5 Principles and examples in contemporary sciences which will enhance understanding concept of Guna
Ch. 5 Karma vignaneeyam
5.1 Introduction of concept of Karma According to Darshanaand Ayurveda 5.2 Classification of Karma
5.3 Practical application of karma
5.4 Principles and examples in contemporary sciences which will enhance understanding concept
Ch.6 Samanya vignaneeyam
6.1 Introduction of concept of Saamaanya According to Darshana and Ayurveda.
6.2 Classification of Saamaanya
6.3 Practical application of saamaanya
6.4 Principle and examples in contemporary sciences which will enhance understanding theconcept of Saamanya.
Ch.7 Vishesha vignaneeyam
7.1 Introduction of concept of Vishesha according to Darshana and Ayurveda
7.2 Classification of Vishesha
7.3 Practical Application of vishesha
7.4 Principles and examples in contemporary sciences which will enhance understanding the concept of Vishesha
Ch. 8 Samavaya vignaneeyam
8.1 Introduction of concept of Samavaaya According toDarshana and Ayurveda.
8.2 Practical application of Samavaaya
8.3 Principles and examples in contemporary sciences which will enhanceunderstanding theconcept of Samavaya
Ch.9 Abhava vignaneeyam
9.1 Introduction of concept of Abhaava According to Darshana and Ayurveda.
9.2 Classification of Abhaava.
9.3 Practical application of Abhaava
9.4 Principles and examples in contemporary sciences which will enhance understanding the concept of Abhava.
List of Topics AyUG-PV Paper II
Ch.1 Pariksha
1.1.Definition, Significance, Necessity and Use of Pariksha.
1.2.Definition of Prama, Aprama, Prameya, Pramata, Pramana.
1.3.Significance and importance of Pramana, Enumeration of Pramana according to different schools of Philosophy.
1.4.Four types of methods for examination in Ayurveda (Chaturvidha-Parikshavidhi), Pramana in Ayurveda.
1.5.Subsudation of different Pramanas under three Pariksha.
1.6.Practical application of methods of examination (Parikshavidhi) in Nidan and Chikitsa.
Ch.2 Aptopdesha Pariksha/Pramana
2.1.Lakshana of Aptopadesha, Lakshana ofApta.
2.2.Lakshana of Shabda, and its types.
2.3.Shabdavritti-Abhidha, Lakshana, Vyanjana and Tatparyakhya.Shaktigrahahetu.
2.4.Vaakya: Characteristics, Vaakyarthajnanahetu- Aakanksha, Yogyata, Sannidhi.
2.5.Importance of Aptopadesha in maintaining Health, Prevention of Diseases, Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Research.
Ch. 3 Pratyaksha Pariksha/Pramana
3.1.Lakshana of Pratyaksha, types of PratyakshaNirvikalpaka- Savikalpaka with description, description of Laukika and Alaukika types and their further classification.
3.2.Indriya-prapyakaritvam, six types of Sannikarsha.
3.3.Indriyanam lakshanam, classification and enumeration of Indriya. Description of Panchapanchaka, Penta-elemental nature of
Indriya (Panchabhautikatwa of Indriya) and similarity in sources (Tulyayonitva) ofIndriya.
3.4.Trayodasha Karana, dominance ofAntahkarana.
3.5.Hindrances in direct perception (pratyakshaanupalabdhikaarana), enhancement of direct perception (Pratyaksha) by various instruments/ equipments, necessity of other Pramanas in addition to Pratyaksha.
3.6.Practical study/ application of Pratyaksha in Sharir, Nidan (Diagosis), Chikitsa(Treatment) and Anusandhan (Research).
Ch. 4 Anumanapariksha/Pramana
4.1. Lakshana of Anumana. Introduction of Anumiti, Paramarsha, Vyapti, Hetu, Sadhya, Paksha, Drishtanta. Types of Anumana
mentioned by Charaka and Nyayadarshana.
4.2. Characteristics and types of Vyapti.
4.3. Lakshana and types of Hetu, Description of Ahetu and Hetwabhasa.
4.4. Characteristics and significance of Tarka (logic).
4.5. Practical study/ application of Anumanapramana in Sharir, Nidan, Chikitsa and Anusandhan
Ch. 5 Yuktipariksha/Pramana
5.1. Lakshana and description.
5.2. Importance in Ayurveda.
5.3. Practical study and utility in diagnostics, therapeutics and research.
Ch. 6 UpamanaPramana
6.1. Lakshana.
6.2. Application in Sharir, diagnostics, therapeutics and research.
Ch. 7 Karya- Karana Siddhanta
7.1. Lakshana of Karya and Kaarana. Types of Kaarana.
7.2. Significance of Karya and Kaarana in Ayurveda.
7.3. Different opinions regarding the manifestation of Karya from Kaarana: Satkaryavada, Parinamavada, Vivartavada, Asatkaryavada, Arambhavada, Paramanuvada, Kshanabhanguravada, Pilupaka, Pitharpaka, Anekantavada, Swabhavavada, Swabhavoparamavada. Importance/ Utility of each of these in Ayurveda
7.4 Study of cause effect relationship, causality, causation in Contemporary sciences.
Paper-I
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
INSTRUCTIONS: All questions compulsory
TOTAL MARKS 100
Paper-II
Time: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
INSTRUCTIONS: All questions compulsory
TOTAL MARKS 100
| Question Type | Number of Questions | Marks per question | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q 1 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) | 20 | 1 | 20 |
| Q 2 Short answer questions (SAQ) | 8 | 5 | 40 |
| Q 3 Long answer questions (LAQ) | 4 | 10 | 40 |
Disribution of Theory Exam
| A List of topics (Paper I) | B Term | C Marks | MCQ (1 mark) | SAQ (5 marks) | LAQ (10 marks) |
| 1. Ayurveda nirupana 2. Padartha and darshana nirupana | I I | 25 | YES YES | YES YES | YES YES |
| 3. Dravya vijnaneeyam 4. Guna vijnaneeyam 5. Karma vijnaneeyam | II II II | 48 | YES YES YES | YES YES YES | YES YES YES |
| 6. Samanya vijnaneeyam 7. Vishesha vijnaneeyam 8. Samavaya vijnaneeyam 9. Abhava vijnaneeyam | III III III III | 27 | YES YES YES YES | YES YES YES YES | YES YES NO NO |
| A List of topics (Paper II) | B Term | C Marks | MCQ (1 mark) | SAQ (5 marks) | LAQ (10 marks) |
| 1. Pariksha 2. Aptopdesha Pariksha/Pramana | I I | 26 | YES YES | YES YES | YES YES |
| 3. Pratyaksha Pariksha/Pramana 4. Anumanapariksha/Pramana | II II | 42 | YES YES | YES YES | YES YES |
| 5. Yuktipariksha/Pramana 6. UpamanaPramana 7. Karya- Karana Siddhanta | III III III | 32 | YES YES YES | YES YES YES | NO NO YES |
Distribution of Practical Exam
Practical – (Practical 100 +Viva 60+Elective 10+ IA 30) =(Total 200 Marks)
| SN | Heads | Marks |
| 1 | Practical (Total Marks 100) | 100 |
| a. | Spotting ( 4 Spots) Problem based on Principles in PV. Topics 1. Pratyaksha praman/Pratyaksha Badhakar Bhav 2. Vada (Any one) 3. Abhav/Samavay 4. Upaman/Yukti | 20 |
| b. | Journal of Activity book/ Projects. (Viva on journal and communication skill) | 20 |
| c. | Practical I (10 Marks Each) 1. Identify panchamahabhoot dominance in the given dravya 2. Identify Samanya- Vishesh in the given dravyas 3. Identify the Gunas in the given dravyas (Use different dravys for different students.) | 30 |
| d. | Practical II (Problem based questiones/ Situations)(10 Marks Each)(Any three) 1. Identify and explain the Karya Karan with types in given problem 2. Frame and Write Panchavayav vakya for the given anuman. 3. Identify Vyapti, Paksh, Sadhya, Hetu, Pakshadharmata, Sapaksha, Vipaksha in the give example. 4. Identify and explain Hetvabhas in given example. 5. Identify the vada applicable in given example.(any one vada.) 6. Identify Upama, Sajna- sajni sambhandha in given example. | 30 |
| 2 | Viva Voce Recitation of Shloka: 10 marks (sutras in Tarka sangraha, Samhitas, other) Questions on Darshan 10 marks Question on Dravya/ Guna/ Karma. 10 marks Question on Samany/vishesh/samavaya/ Abhav 10 Marks Question on one Praman 10 Marks Question on Karya karan bhav 10 Marks. | 60 |
| 3 | Internal Assessment | 30 |
| 4 | Electives | 10 |
Question paper blue print Paper I
| A Question Sr. No | B Type of Question | C Question Paper Format |
| Q1 | Multiple choice Questions (MCQ) 20 Questions 1 mark each All compulsory (Must Know 15 MCQ Desirable to know 3 MCQ Nice to know 2 MCQ) | 1. Topic number 1 2. Topic number 2 3. Topic number 3 4. Topic number 4 5. Topic number 5 6. Topic number 6 7. Topic number 7 8. Topic number 8 9. Topic number 9 10. Topic number 2 11. Topic number 3 12. Topic number 4 13. Topic number 5 14. Topic number 6 15. Topic number 7 16. Topic number 9 17. Topic number 1 18. Topic number 2 19. Topic number 3 20. Topic number 4 |
| Q2 | Short answer Questions (SAQ) Eight Questions 5 Marks Each All compulsory (Must know 7 . Desirable to know 1 No Questions on Nice to know.) | 1. Topic no.1 2. Topic no.2 3. Topic no.3 4. Topic no.4 5. Topic no.5 6. Topic no.6/ Topic no.7 7. Topic no.8/ Topic no.9 8. Topic no.3/ Topic no.4 |
| Q3 | Long answer Questions (LAQ) Four Questions 10 marks each All compulsory (All questions on Must to know. No Questions on Nice to know and Desirable to know.) | 1. Topic no.1/ Topic no.2 2. Topic no.3 3. Topic no.4/Topic no.5 4. Topic no.6/ Topic no.7 |
Question paper blue print Paper II
| A Question Sr. No | B Type of Question | C Question Paper Format |
| Q1 | Multiple choice Questions (MCQ) 20 Questions 1 mark each All compulsory (Must know 15 MCQ Desirable to know 3 MCQ Nice to know 2 MCQ) | 1. Topic number 1 2. Topic number 2 3. Topic number 3 4. Topic number 4 5. Topic number 5 6. Topic number 6 7. Topic number 7 8. Topic number 1 9. Topic number 2 10. Topic number 3 11. Topic number 4 12. Topic number 5 13. Topic number 6 14. Topic number 7 15. Topic number 1 16. Topic number 2 17. Topic number 3 18. Topic number 4 19. Topic number 7 20. Topic number 4 |
| Q2 | Short answer Questions (SAQ) Eight Questions 5 Marks Each All compulsory (Must know 7 . Desirable to know 1 No Questions on Nice to know.) | 1. Topic no.1 2. Topic no.2 3. Topic no.3 4. Topic no.4 5. Topic no.5 6. Topic no.6 7. Topic no.7 8. Topic no.3/ Topic no.4 |
| Q3 | Long answer Questions (LAQ) Four Questions 10 marks each All compulsory (All questions on must know No Questions on Nice to know and Desirable to know) | 1. Topic no.1/ Topic no.2 2. Topic no.3 3. Topic no.4 4. Topic no.7 |